Marketing

Everything related to the design and production of the wrapper or container of a product is called packaging. It is the process where new, more … Read more

Vertical Marketing System and Horizontal Marketing System An independent producer, wholesaler and retailer together form a standard marketing channel. Although as a whole system, they … Read more

Push Strategy In the push strategy, the company takes the product to the customers. This strategy requires the manufacturer to get the product to the … Read more

A company/ business/ individual that purchases sellers offering with money or a financial transaction is called a customer. In other words, the buyer of an … Read more

M-Commerce is also known as Mobile commerce and it is the practice of using wireless handheld gadgets like smartphones and tablets to administer business activities … Read more

In today’s day and age, social media is an extremely crucial component of digital marketing. It is an ideal means for consumers to share text, … Read more

Psychological pricing is the strategic approach to setting prices that are lesser than a whole number. The notion behind this pricing is that consumers will … Read more

Product Classifications has been traditionally done by marketers based on their characteristics of durability, tangibility and usage (consumer or industrial). Durability and Tangibility Based on … Read more

Market Challenger Strategies involve the Runner-up or trailing firms that maintain second, third, and lower ranks in the industry. For Example Adidas Burger King Pepsi … Read more

All the companies should select, train, motivate and evaluate intermediaries for every channel after they have chosen a channel system. Over time they must modify … Read more

Logistics, as defined by The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, is a “part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the … Read more

According to the Service Marketing Triangle, three types of marketing must be carried out successfully for a service organization to succeed. Christian Gronross developed the … Read more

A ‘Product is a bunch of features and customer benefits. According to Philip Kotler, a marketer must consider five levels of a “product” Core product … Read more

There are 6 Different Pricing Strategies used by any Organization. Each of these types of pricing is discussed in this article. 1. Skimming Price skimming … Read more

The act of selling goods to anyone (a person or an organisation) other than the end consumer of the goods is called wholesaling. Wholesaling consists … Read more

There are 4 Main Market Followers Strategy. For every market leader out there, there are going to be market followers who need strategies to overthrow … Read more

This article discusses the detailed Market Research Process. There are 4 Main Steps in Market Research and these steps give the final results to us. … Read more

There are a number of pricing approaches of a product or a service depending on various factors that contribute to its production or creation. Let … Read more

Hypothetical Market Structure for Market Leaders 40% – under a Market Leader 30% – under a market Challenger 20% – under a Market follower who … Read more

What is SERQUAL? SERQUAL is the Determinants of Service Quality and it points to the different ways in which consumers judge the quality of service … Read more

The main components that constitute the Macro Environment The Economic Environment The Socio-cultural environment The Natural environment The Technological environment The Political and legal environment … Read more

Philip Kotler: “Positioning is the act of designing the company’s offer and image so that it occupies a distinct and valued price in the target … Read more

In Quantitative research, statistical methods analyze numerical data that are gathered to describe a situation in Quantitative research. Quantitative research includes the gathering and evaluation … Read more

Service Marketing Introduction Services are offerings by a firm that is in the form of deeds, processes, and performance. A service is an activity or … Read more

What is Marketing Research? Definition: Marketing Research is the systematic collection, organisation, analysis and interpretation of primary or secondary data in order to find out … Read more

Sales Promotion Tools 1. Samples Offer a product or service free of cost. It can be done door to door, picked up in the store, … Read more

Events Marketing Introduction Being a part of a relevant moment in consumers’ lives through an indirect way, such as sponsored events can expand and deepen … Read more

Retail formats are classified into 2 types – Store-Based Retailing and Non Store Retailing. In them, there are multiple types of retailers which are discussed … Read more

Response Hierarchy Models AIDA Model The AIDA model is used in marketing that illustrates the stages a buyer goes through in the process of purchasing … Read more

Customer empowerment is when customers are given the information and tools that they require to make an informed decision. By providing them with options and … Read more

A barter system is an old technique used for the exchange of goods. It has been used since before money was invented, for centuries. Barter … Read more

Multichannel retailing involves selling commodities or services via more than one channel. Many retail companies have started to use multiple channels to reach customers. For … Read more

Definition of Time to Market Time to Market or TTM is the duration a new product takes between being devised and being available for purchase … Read more

What are Marketing Objectives? The goals of a company’s marketing activities are decided upon with the help of marketing objectives. Marketing objectives give direction to … Read more

What is Usability Testing? Usability testing tries to find out how easily a product or a group of products can be used. It tries to … Read more

7Ps of Marketing Introduction A service is an activity or benefit that is offered by one party to another. Services can also be defined as … Read more

Definition of Predatory Pricing Predatory pricing is when a firm starts keeping the prices of a product very low to keep competition out or force … Read more

Dynamic pricing also referred to as surge pricing, demand pricing, or time-based pricing, is a pricing method. In it, firms analyze present market demands to … Read more

New Product Options The Tough decision of Make or Buy Any company can add new product offerings either through development (make) or acquisition (buy). 1. … Read more

Online Marketing Introduction Online Marketing is when a company’s brand, product or service is advertised to potential clients by leveraging web-based channels. Following are the … Read more

Green Retailing Introduction The management approach pursuing environmental protection to improve the retail value chain is called Green Retailing. The two major drivers that lead … Read more

Introduction to Gap Analysis Service Quality involves comparisons of expectations with actual performance. As per Lewis and Booms “Service Quality is a measure of how … Read more

A lot of manufacturers do not trade their products directly to the end-users; there are a series of mediators conducting their various functions. These mediators … Read more

Buyers remorse is the feeling of repentance or regret after buying something. It is usually related to buying something expensive like property or a vehicle. … Read more

Philip Kotler Philip Kotler recognizes five main steps in the consumer adoption process. 1 . Awareness 2. Interest 3. Evaluation 4. Trial 5. Adoption William … Read more

Price discrimination or Differentiated Pricing Differentiated Pricing is the disproportional pricing set by a company for two or more items. The three types of discrimination … Read more

When customers change brands, products or suppliers, they suffer switching costs. In many cases, apart from monetary switching costs, time-based, psychological, and effort-based switching costs … Read more

Sharing economy is a business financial model which is usually known as a peer-to-peer economy where assets and services are shared among private individuals and … Read more

Customer Database Introduction An orderly collection of detailed knowledge about individual customers or prospective customers is called a customer database. This information is always up-to-date, … Read more

An online multi-channel marketing technique concentrating on reaching a specific audience is called mobile marketing. The specific audience that it tries to capture is the … Read more

William J. Stanton said, “Retailing includes all activities related to the sale of goods and services to the ultimate (final) consumers for personal and non-business … Read more

There are 5 different types of market we have to understand while estimating demand. This is where it is important to understand current demand and … Read more

Sports marketing is a part of marketing.  It has two major roles Promoting sporting teams and events Using these events and teams to market products … Read more

New Product Development is a process by which companies bring new products into the market. It is an 8 step process used by the R&D … Read more

The process of creating awareness amongst the product or service consumers about their rights is called Consumer Awareness. The process of making a customer aware … Read more

Steps in Developing Effective Communications Identify target audience Determine objective Design communications Select channels Establish budget Decide communications mix Measure results Manage IMC Identify the … Read more

What is Promotional Pricing? Promotional pricing is when a brand lowers the price of its product temporarily as a strategy to attract more buyers and … Read more

What is the Product Life Cycle? Product Life Cycle has four stages that are; Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline. The PLC depicts the business and … Read more

The research and scientific study that tries to solve functional problems is known as applied research. Solutions to daily problems that generally affect the health, … Read more

Introduction of Communications Process Communication is basic to the survival and existence of humans. It is the same when it comes to an organization. Communication … Read more

Manufacturers are faced with various channel design decisions. Many times manufacturers wrestle between what is ideal and what is practical in the process of designing … Read more

E-commerce implies any form of a trade of goods and services done over the internet. More informally, it pertains to acquiring a product or service … Read more

New products seem to fail at rates estimated as high as 50 % or even 95 % in the United States and 90% in Europe. … Read more

Articles or practices that become the basis of gaging a person’s economic or social status are called a status symbol. It is a noticeable external … Read more

What is Below the line Marketing? BTL Marketing’ is short for ‘Below the Line Marketing ‘. Below-the-line advertising tries to directly reach out to consumers. … Read more

What is Airport Retailing? Airport retailing is an accessible and easy choice for travellers. The presence of multiple retail services of many products inside the … Read more

The inbound marketing term was created by Brian Halligan, the CEO, and co-founder of HubSpot. Experiences and content that are beneficial and personalized for consumers … Read more

Ethnographic research is a qualitative method where researchers observe and/or interact with a study’s participants in their real-life environment. What is Ethnographic Research? The word … Read more

An MVP or a minimum viable product (MVP) can be defined as a version of a product with just enough features to be usable by … Read more

Marketing campaigns consist of many activities, but one of the critical ingredients are the collection of short term incentive tools – known as Sales Promotion. … Read more

When businesses try to customize their marketing efforts by considering location as the basis of their target market division, it is called geographic segmentation. The … Read more

Establishing a connection with the buyers, suppliers, retailers, as well as a considerable consumer base is essential for any brand. Public means a collection of … Read more

What is Marketing Automation? Marketing Automation is all about using software to automate marketing activities. Marketing automation is used by marketers for planning, coordinating, managing, … Read more

Holistic marketing is a marketing strategy that takes the entire business into account. In it, a business with separate departments comes together. Thus, these departments … Read more

What is Employer Branding? The procedure of supervising and impacting your status as an employer amidst employees, job seekers, and key stakeholders is called Employer … Read more

The overall number of product lines that are offered to its customers by a company is called Product mix. Product Mix is also known as … Read more

B2B stands for Business to Business marketing – it refers to product or service marketing to other organizations and businesses. Any organization selling to another … Read more

Every product manufactured by any company needs to have a differentiating physical characteristic which will make it attractive to customers; this characteristic is known as … Read more

What is Crowdsourcing? Crowdsourcing is the practice of using the wisdom and experience of a group of people for a shared goal. The name was … Read more

In this article, we discuss New Marketing Realities. Three Major Market Forces Technology Globalization Social Responsibility 1. Technology The speed and scale at which technological … Read more

What is Brand Loyalty? The tendency of customers to purchase one brand’s products over another continuously is Brand loyalty. It is a pattern of consumer … Read more

What is a Private Label Brand? When retailers and wholesalers create their Own Brands it is called Private Label Brands. It is also called a … Read more

What is Exploratory Research? When a loosely defined issue is looked into through research, it is known as exploratory research. It will not give decisive … Read more

What is Influencer Marketing? An aspect of social media marketing is Influencer marketing. It entails endorsements and product placement from influencers, organizations, and people. They … Read more

What is Pricing? Pricing falls among the first things that buyers consider which also defines the profit margin on products. Price decides the fate of … Read more

Psychographic segmentation is employed in marketing research. It is a type of segmentation that puts customers into sub-groups. Under this type of segmentation, the grouping … Read more

A By-Product is the production of a secondary product on producing the main product. Sometimes the creation of the second product is unplanned or unexpected. … Read more

Research and development is a series of innovative actions that governments or corporations take up when making new services or products and making current ones … Read more

What is Market Capitalization? Market capitalization is the aggregate valuation of the company based on its current share price and the total number of outstanding … Read more

What is a Customer Value Proposition? Marketing statement of a business that states the reason for a customer to buy or use a service or … Read more

Marketing Communications are the ways by which companies try to familiarise, influence, and remind customers either directly or indirectly concerning the offerings they sell. Marketing … Read more

What is Internal Marketing? Internal marketing is all about treating employees as “internal customers” The process where the products, services, and objectives of a company … Read more

An impromptu purchase or the spontaneous buying of a service or product is called Impulse buying. When the urge to buy a product or service … Read more

Overview of Meme Marketing Brands today can connect with potential customers through offline medium and online mediums. While offline has been there for decades – … Read more

Cognitive dissonance Introduction Cognitive dissonance is a social psychology theory. It deals with the mental conflict that takes place when someone’s beliefs and behaviors don’t … Read more

What is Customer Churn? Customer churn is the proportion of consumers who discontinue using a firm’s product or service over a time period. Customer churn … Read more

What is Customer acquisition? Customer acquisition refers to gaining new consumers. A business’s procedure to reach new customers and lure them into purchasing their product … Read more

Raw information gathered from outside a workspace, library, or laboratory is called field studies, field research, or fieldwork. Real and original information is produced and … Read more

Drone delivery is a method designed to deliver small packages using a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) which is remotely controlled. Hassle-free delivery of small items … Read more